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86.1
Taking Data
Michael C. Pollack
Assistant Professor of Law, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.

I am grateful to Miriam Baer, William Baude, Maureen Brady, Christopher Buccafusco, David Carlson, Nestor Davidson, Myriam Gilles, Ben Grunwald, Daniel Hemel, Michael Herz, Orin Kerr, Timothy Mulvaney, Luke Norris, John Rappaport, Shelley Ross Saxer, Ric Simmons, Edward Stein, James Stern, Stewart Sterk, Lior Strahilevitz, Matthew Tokson, Felix Wu, Stephen Yelderman, and participants in the AALS New Voices in Property Law Workshop, Cardozo Junior Faculty Workshop, Law and Society Annual Meeting, Mid-Atlantic Junior Faculty Forum at the University of Richmond Law School, and Southeastern Association of Law Schools New Scholars Workshop for their guidance, suggestions, comments, and critiques. I thank the Stephen B. Siegel Program in Real Estate Law for research support.

On February 16, 2016, a federal court ordered Apple to “assist law enforcement agents in enabling the search” of an iPhone that had been lawfully seized during the investigation into a mass shooting in San Bernardino, California.

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86.1
An Empirical Analysis of Sexual Orientation Discrimination
J. Shahar Dillbary
Professor of Law at The University of Alabama School of Law. BA in Law, LLB in Economics, Bar-Ilan University; LLM, JSD, The University of Chicago Law School

We would like to thank Yonathan Arbel, Ronen Avraham, David Bernstein, Bill Brewbaker, the Honorable Joseph Colquitt, Mirit Eyal-Cohen, Richard Delgado, Bryan Fair, Ron Krotoszynski, Susan Lyons, Jonathan Nash, Caryn Roseman, Stephen Rushin, Daiquiri Steele, Fred Vars, the participants in the 2017 Midwestern Law and Economics Association Conference, the 2018 American Law and Economics Association Conference and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s combined Workshop on Fair Lending and the Office of Research for their helpful comments; and Shannon McLaughlin, Joshua Polk, Laura Stephenson, and Nic Nivison for their excellent research assistance. We also want to thank an anonymous referee for insightful comments and suggestions. We are indebted to Blake Beals for his help in assembling the municipal database. Authors are ordered alphabetically.

Griffin Edwards
Assistant Professor of Business at The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Collat School of Business. PhD in Economics, Emory University.
Twenty years ago, a gay couple entered their local bank in Arroyo Grande, California to ask for a mortgage loan.
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Book review
85.8
How Not to Regulate
Lisa Heinzerling
Justice William J. Brennan, Jr, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center

In the earliest days of his presidency, Donald Trump issued an executive order that exemplifies a common attitude toward regulation today. President Trump ordered federal administrative agencies to revoke at least two regulations for every one they issued and to cut regulatory costs without considering the benefits lost.

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Comment
85.8
To Move or Not to Move? That Is the Metaphysical Question
David J. Sandefer
BA 2016, Auburn University; JD Candidate 2019, The University of Chicago Law School

Philosophers have long pondered the metaphysical meaning of an object’s “location” or the “where of a thing.”

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85.8
Waiving Chevron
Jeremy D. Rozansky
AB 2012, University of Chicago; JD Candidate 2019, University of Chicago Law School

I wish to thank William Baude, Brian Feinstein, Daniel Hemel, Aziz Huq, Aaron Nielson, Jennifer Nou, Adam J. White, and the editors of The University of Chicago Law Review for setting me on the right track and improving the Comment at every stage

The Supreme Court’s decision in Chevron, U.S.A., Inc v Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc has been a boon for federal agencies.

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85.8
The Constitutionality of Income-Based Fines
Alec Schierenbeck
JD, Stanford Law School, 2015

The author thanks Robert Weisberg, Beth Colgan, Alexandra Brodsky, Emma Kaufman, Andrew Rohrbach, and Gary Dyal for their generous guidance and comments. Special thanks to the student editors who labored to improve this piece: John Butterfield, Megan Coggeshall, Blake Eaton, Carly Gibbs, Jordan G. Golds, Jing Jin, Matthew LaGrone, Valentina Oliver, Eric Petry, Kimon Triantafyllou, and Lael Weinberger. All errors are mine.

When Americans break the law—whether it’s a minor offense like littering or a serious crime like felony assault—they tend to face the same financial penalties, no matter their income.

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85.7
Inferentialism, Title VII, and Legal Concepts
Lee Farnsworth
BA 2012, Dartmouth College; JD Candidate 2019, The University of Chicago Law School

Of all the things that judges do, central to those activities is saying what the law is, which means saying what the words in statutes mean.

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85.7
Is Efficiency Biased?
Zachary Liscow
Associate Professor, Yale Law School

Thanks to Bruce Ackerman, Matt Adler, Anne Alstott, Ian Ayres, Bob Cooter, Dan Farber, Lee Fennell, Ed Fox, Heather Gerken, Jacob Goldin, Michael Graetz, Andrew Hayashi, Christine Jolls, Amy Kapczynski, Louis Kaplow, Max Kasy, Al Klevorick, Lewis Kornhauser, Doug Kysar, Daniel Markovits, Mitch Polinsky, Alex Raskolnikov, Susan Rose-Ackerman, Chris Sanchirico, David Schleicher, Alan Schwartz, Steve Shavell, Matt Stephenson, Judge Stephen Williams, Gui Woolston, and participants at the Columbia Tax Policy Workshop, Yale Law School Faculty Workshop, National Tax Association Annual Meetings, Loyola Law School Tax Policy Workshop, Boston University Law and Economics Workshop, Boston College Tax Policy Workshop, and William and Mary Faculty Workshop for helpful comments. Thanks to Daniel Giraldo, Brian Highsmith, Quentin Karpilow, Michael Loughlin, Brian McGrail, Farrah Ricketts, Kate Tian, and Jacob Waggoner for excellent research assistance.

Suppose that a city is considering building neighborhood parks, each of which costs $1 million to build. The residents of a rich neighborhood are willing to pay $2 million for the park, but the residents of a poor neighborhood are willing to pay only $500,000, less than the cost of construction.
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85.7
In Defense of Territorial Jurisdiction
Cody J. Jacobs
Visiting Assistant Professor, Chicago-Kent College of Law

Thanks to Stephen Sachs, Patrick Borchers, Alex Boni-Saenz, Mark Rosen, Chris Schmidt, Mike Gentithes, Lori Andrews, Richard Wright, Greg Reilly, and Harold Krent for their helpful comments on this Article .

Brent Tyrrell worked for railroads all his life. When he was working for BNSF, a multibillion-dollar company and one of the largest railroads in North America, Brent developed terminal kidney cancer, allegedly as a result of his on-the-job exposure to harmful industrial chemicals.

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85.6
Not So Different after All: The Status of Interpretive Rules in the Medicare Act
Graham Haviland
BA 2011, The University of Chicago; JD Candidate 2019, The University of Chicago Law School

The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) distinguishes between “legislative rules” that bind with the force of law and “interpretive rules” that merely interpret existing statutes or rules.