Bankruptcy

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Volume 92.3
Noisy Factors in Law
Adriana Z. Robertson
Donald N. Pritzker Professor of Business Law, The University of Chicago Law School.

We thank Lucian Bebchuk, Alon Brav, Ryan Bubb, Ed Cheng, Quinn Curtis, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Jared Ellias, Jill Fisch, Joe Grundfest, Cam Harvey, Scott Hirst, Colleen Honigsberg, Marcel Kahan, Louis Kaplow, Jonathan Klick, Brian Leiter, Saul Levmore, Dorothy Lund, John Morley, Mariana Pargendler, Elizabeth Pollman, Roberta Romano, Paolo Saguato, Holger Spamann, George Vojta, and Michael Weber for valuable suggestions and discussions. This Article has benefited from comments by workshop participants at Columbia Law School, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, Harvard Law School, Stanford Law School, UC Berkeley School of Law, the University of Chicago Law School, the University of Oxford Faculty of Law, the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, the University of Virginia School of Law, and the Washington University School of Law, as well as at the American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting, the Corporate & Securities Litigation Workshop, the Labex ReFi-NYU-SAFE/LawFin Law & Banking/Finance Conference, and the Utah Winter Deals Conference. Robertson gratefully acknowledges the support of the Douglas Clark and Ruth Ann McNeese Faculty Research Fund. Katy Beeson and Levi Haas provided exceptional research assistance. All errors are our own.

Pat Akey
Associate Professor of Finance, University of Toronto; Visiting Professor, INSEAD.

We thank Lucian Bebchuk, Alon Brav, Ryan Bubb, Ed Cheng, Quinn Curtis, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Jared Ellias, Jill Fisch, Joe Grundfest, Cam Harvey, Scott Hirst, Colleen Honigsberg, Marcel Kahan, Louis Kaplow, Jonathan Klick, Brian Leiter, Saul Levmore, Dorothy Lund, John Morley, Mariana Pargendler, Elizabeth Pollman, Roberta Romano, Paolo Saguato, Holger Spamann, George Vojta, and Michael Weber for valuable suggestions and discussions. This Article has benefited from comments by workshop participants at Columbia Law School, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, Harvard Law School, Stanford Law School, UC Berkeley School of Law, the University of Chicago Law School, the University of Oxford Faculty of Law, the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, the University of Virginia School of Law, and the Washington University School of Law, as well as at the American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting, the Corporate & Securities Litigation Workshop, the Labex ReFi-NYU-SAFE/LawFin Law & Banking/Finance Conference, and the Utah Winter Deals Conference. Robertson gratefully acknowledges the support of the Douglas Clark and Ruth Ann McNeese Faculty Research Fund. Katy Beeson and Levi Haas provided exceptional research assistance. All errors are our own.

Mikhail Simutin
Professor of Finance, University of Toronto.

We thank Lucian Bebchuk, Alon Brav, Ryan Bubb, Ed Cheng, Quinn Curtis, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Jared Ellias, Jill Fisch, Joe Grundfest, Cam Harvey, Scott Hirst, Colleen Honigsberg, Marcel Kahan, Louis Kaplow, Jonathan Klick, Brian Leiter, Saul Levmore, Dorothy Lund, John Morley, Mariana Pargendler, Elizabeth Pollman, Roberta Romano, Paolo Saguato, Holger Spamann, George Vojta, and Michael Weber for valuable suggestions and discussions. This Article has benefited from comments by workshop participants at Columbia Law School, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, Harvard Law School, Stanford Law School, UC Berkeley School of Law, the University of Chicago Law School, the University of Oxford Faculty of Law, the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, the University of Virginia School of Law, and the Washington University School of Law, as well as at the American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting, the Corporate & Securities Litigation Workshop, the Labex ReFi-NYU-SAFE/LawFin Law & Banking/Finance Conference, and the Utah Winter Deals Conference. Robertson gratefully acknowledges the support of the Douglas Clark and Ruth Ann McNeese Faculty Research Fund. Katy Beeson and Levi Haas provided exceptional research assistance. All errors are our own.

For years, academic experts have championed the widespread adoption of the “Fama-French” factors in legal settings. Factor models are commonly used to perform valuations, performance evaluation and event studies across a wide variety of contexts, many of which rely on data provided by Professor Kenneth French. Yet these data are beset by a problem that the experts themselves did not understand: In a companion article, we document widespread retroactive changes to French’s factor data. These changes are the result of discretionary changes to the construction of the factors and materially affect a broad range of estimates. In this Article, we show how these retroactive changes can have enormous impacts in precisely the settings in which experts have pressed for their use. We provide examples of valuations, performance analysis, and event studies in which the retroactive changes have a large—and even dispositive—effect on an expert’s conclusions.

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Essay
The Hertz Maneuver (and the Limits of Bankruptcy Law)
Anthony J. Casey
Professor, The University of Chicago School of Law.
Joshua C. Macey
Assistant Professor, The University of Chicago School of Law.

We wish to thank Ken Ayotte, Vince Buccola, Douglas Baird, Jared Ellias, Saul Levmore, Alan Schwartz, and David Skeel for helpful comments. We also thank Julian Gale, Silvia Moreno, and Leonor Suarez for excellent research assistance. The Richard Weil Faculty Research Fund and the Paul H. Leffmann Fund provided generous support.

On June 11, 2020, the Hertz Corporation introduced a new strategy for bankruptcy financing.

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Essay
Bankruptcy from Olympus
Douglas G. Baird
Harry A. Bigelow Distinguished Service Professor, The University of Chicago Law School

I am most grateful to Matthew Stoker for assistance and the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Fund, and the John M. Olin Foundation for support.

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Article
79.2
Strategic Liability in the Corporate Group
Richard Squire
Associate Professor, Fordham University School of Law

For particularly helpful comments, I am grateful to Margaret Blair, George S. Geis, Jeffrey N. Gordon, Allan L. Gropper, Rich Hynes, Stacey Iris, Robert J. Jackson Jr, Alvin K. Klevorick, Jody S. Kraus, Jonathan M. Landers, Paul G. Mahoney, Richard G. Mason, Richard A. Posner, Randall S. Thomas, and William H. Widen. This Article also benefited from discussions at faculty workshops at Vanderbilt University Law School and the University of Virginia School of Law. Gabriel Gillett provided excellent research assistance.

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Article
78.3
The Creditors’ Bargain and Option-Preservation Priority in Chapter 11
Anthony J. Casey
Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School

I thank Daniel Abebe, Barry E. Adler, Kenneth Ayotte, Adam B. Badawi, Douglas G. Baird, Omri Ben-Shahar, Erin M. Casey, Stephen Choi, Lee Anne Fennell, Joseph A. Grundfest, M. Todd Henderson, William Hubbard, Mitchell Kane, Ashley Keller, Randall L. Klein, Saul Levmore, Douglas Lichtman, Anup Malani, Troy McKenzie, Jon D. Michaels, Anthony Niblett, Randal C. Picker, Eric Posner, Robert K. Rasmussen, Andres Sawicki, Naomi Schoenbaum, Julia Simon-Kerr, Richard Squire, Lior Strahilevitz, Matthew Tokson, George G. Triantis, Noah Zatz, participants at the Annual Meeting of the American Law and Economics Association, participants at the Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Law and Economics Association, participants at the University of Chicago Law School Faculty Works-in-Progress Workshop, participants at the University of Southern California Center in Law, Economics, and Organization Workshop, and the faculties of Columbia Law School, Cornell Law School, Emory Law School, Marquette University Law School, Stanford Law School, the University of Alabama School of Law, University of California Irvine School of Law, the University of Chicago Law School, University of Colorado Law School, University of Georgia Law School, the University of Minnesota Law School, and Vanderbilt University Law School for helpful comments and discussion.