Voting Rights Act

We are grateful to Rosalind Dixon, Heather Gerken, Rick Hasen, Sam Issacharoff, Jonathan Masur, Rick Pildes, Adam Samaha, Max Schanzenbach, Josh Sellers, Cass Sunstein, Emerson Tiller, Dan Tokaji, and Fred Vars for helpful comments and conversations. We would also like to thank the workshop participants at Northwestern University School of Law, University of Toronto Faculty of Law, Yale Law School, the Searle Symposium on Empirical Studies of Civil Liability, and the Conference on Empirical Legal Studies. Carolyn Sha and Annabelle Yang provided invaluable research assistance.

I am grateful to Brian An, David Armor, David Card, Sheryll Cashin, Erwin Chemerinsky, Chris Elmendorf, Reynolds Farley, Lee Fennell, Jeremy Fiel, Jim Greiner, Matthew Hall, Rick Hasen, Aziz Huq, John Iceland, Ellen Katz, Douglas Massey, Martha Minow, Martha Nussbaum, Rick Pildes, Alex Polikoff, Eric Posner, Sean Reardon, Florence Roisman, Daria Roithmayr, James Ryan, Richard Sander, Robert Schwemm, Stacy Seicshnaydre, Michael Seidman, Genevieve Siegel-Hawley, Lior Strahilevitz, and David Strauss for their helpful comments. My thanks also to the workshop participants at the University of Chicago, where I presented an earlier version of the Article. I am pleased as well to acknowledge the support of the Robert Helman Law and Public Policy Fund.