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Volume 89.3
Experimental Jurisprudence
Kevin Tobia

This Article elaborates on and defends experimental jurisprudence. Experimental jurisprudence, appropriately understood, is not only consistent with traditional jurisprudence; it is an essential branch of it.

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Volume 89.1
Civil Procedure as the Regulation of Externalities: Toward a New Theory of Civil Litigation
Ronen Avraham
Professor of Law, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law; Lecturer, University of Texas at Austin School of Law
William H.J. Hubbard
Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School.

We are grateful for comments from Lynn Baker, Bob Bone, Alon Klement, Shay Lavie, Jay Tidmarsh, Diego Zambrano, and participants at the Law Faculty Workshops at the University of Chicago, the University of Notre Dame, Tel Aviv University, and the University of Texas, as well as the ALEA Annual Meetings. We thank Ramon Feldbrin, Kathryn Garcia, Sakina Haji, Deanna Hall, Adam Picker, Jill Rogowski, and Kelly Yin for valuable research assistance. William Hubbard thanks the Paul H. Leffmann Fund and the Jerome F. Kutak Faculty Fund for research support. An earlier version of this Article was titled “Procedural Flexibility in Three Dimensions.”

Civil procedure serves a multitude of goals, from regulating the cost of fact gathering to dictating the rules of advocacy in court to promoting public participation in trials. To what extent can procedural design serve them all, or must rules sacrifice some interests to serve others? In this Article, we are the first to introduce a theory of procedural design that answers this question.

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Volume 89.1
Remembering: The Constitution and Federally Funded Apartheid
Joy Milligan
Professor, the University of Virginia School of Law.

For helpful feedback, I thank Abhay Aneja, Darby Aono, Abbye Atkinson, Emily Bruce, Guy-Uriel Charles, Erwin Chemerinsky, Gabriel Chin, David Engstrom, Jonathan Glater, Michele Gilman, Becca Goldstein, Jon Gould, Kristen Holmquist, Olatunde Johnson, Daryl Levinson, Melissa Murray, Saira Mohamed, Tejas Narechania, Manisha Padi, Michael Pinard, Richard Primus, Bertrall Ross, Erik Stallman, Aaron Tang, Karen Tani, Rebecca Wexler, and participants in the Northern California Junior Faculty Workshop, Loyola Constitutional Law Colloquium, Poverty Law Mini-Workshop, AALS Civil Rights Section Works-in-Progress, NYU Constitutional Theory Colloquium, and the law faculty workshops at Duke, UCLA, the University of Miami, the University of Michigan, and the University of Virginia. I am grateful to the University of Chicago Law Review staff for their exceptional editing, and to Maya Campbell, Toni Mendicino, Talia Stender, and Graham Wyatt for their excellent research assistance.

The substantive Fifth Amendment ideal of preventing the federal government from aiding systemic discrimination receded because of increasing challenges to its substance, judicial fatigue with institutional oversight, and the sweeping scope of the problem—along with collective amnesia regarding the prior decades of constitutional struggle. This Article reveals that forgotten constitutional history. After excavating the Fifth Amendment struggles, I argue that the no-aid norm, and the underlying reality of long-term federal participation in racial apartheid, should be remembered and debated once again.

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Volume 89.1
Foreign Dictators in U.S. Court
Diego A. Zambrano
Associate Professor, Stanford Law School.

This Article received an honorable mention in the national 2021 Association of American Law Schools Scholarly Papers Competition, awarded on a blind basis by a committee of established scholars. For thoughtful comments and conversations, I thank Pam Bookman, Curtis Bradley, John Coyle, William Dodge, Robin Effron, Maggie Gardner, Tom Ginsburg, Manuel Gómez, Aziz Huq, Erik Jensen, Chimène Keitner, Michael McConnell, David Sklansky, Beth Van Schaack, Allen Weiner, Ingrid Wuerth, and participants at the Junior International Law Scholars Association conference. I am most grateful to Mackenzie Austin and Chris Meyer for invaluable research assistance and also thank Alice Bishop, Nitisha Baronia, and Mathew Simkovits for their help.

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, the court-created “act of state” doctrine, and other common-law immunities shield foreign officials and governments from most lawsuits. For instance, courts have dismissed claims against China, Cuba, Venezuela, and Russia over allegations of torture, detentions, and election interference. Yet foreign governments have unfettered access to U.S. courts as plaintiffs. And foreign dictatorships—including Russia, China, Turkey, and Venezuela—have leveraged this access to harass political dissidents, critics, and even newspapers in the United States. These doctrines create an asymmetry at the heart of this Article: foreign dictators and their proxies can access our courts as plaintiffs to harass their opponents, but their regimes are, in turn, immune from lawsuits here. This Article exposes that asymmetry and argues that U.S. courts and Congress should make it harder for foreign dictators to abuse our legal system.

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Volume 88.8
Textual Rules in Criminal Statutes
Joshua Kleinfeld
Professor of Law and (by courtesy) Philosophy, Northwestern University.

Twenty years ago, Professor William Stuntz wrote an arti-cle, The Pathological Politics of Criminal Law, that has become a classic of the field. His thesis was that criminal law is beset by political problems (mostly collusive incentives) that cause it to steadily expand, with ever more statutes criminalizing ever more conduct, and punishing more harshly as well.

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v88.6
Federal Corporate Law and the Business of Banking
Lev Menand
Lecturer in Law and Academic Fellow, Columbia Law School.

We thank Dan Awrey, Lucian Bebchuk, Ryan Bubb, Jeff Gordon, David Grewal, Bob Hockett, Howell Jackson, Rob Jackson, Lina Khan, Joshua Macey, Gillian Metzger, Saule Omarova, Ganesh Sitaraman, Joe Sommer, Mike Townsley, Art Wilmarth, and the participants in the 22nd Annual Law & Business Conference at Vanderbilt Law School, the Wharton Financial Regulation Workshop, the Columbia Law School Blue Sky Workshop, and the 11th Labex ReFi-NYU-SAFE/LawFin Law & Banking/Finance Conference for their helpful comments and insights.

Morgan Ricks
Professor of Law and Enterprise Scholar, Vanderbilt University Law School.

It is a bedrock (though still controversial) principle of U.S. business law that corporate formation and governance are the province of state, not federal, law.

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v88.6
Asymmetric Subsidies and the Bail Crisis
John F. Duffy
Samuel H. McCoy II Professor of Law and Paul G. Mahoney Research Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law.
Richard M. Hynes
John Allan Love Professor of Law and Nicholas E. Chimicles Research Professor of Business Law and Regulation, University of Virginia School of Law.

We thank Josh Bowers, Kellen Funk, Sandra Mayson, John Monahan, Megan Stevenson, Stephen Ware and workshop participants at the University of Virginia and at the Scalia Law School of George Mason University for valuable comments. We thank Christian Fitzgerald, Ariel Hayes, Caitlyn Koch, Molly Mueller, and Louis Tiemann for valuable research assistance. We also thank Paul Prestia for responding to our inquiry on a factual matter. All errors remain our own.

The last several years have seen “a truly astounding” and “unprecedented” outpouring of scholarship and commentary decrying the large number of individuals held in pretrial detention, measuring the negative social consequences of such detention, and debating what to do about it.

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The Pigouvian Constitution
Peter N. Salib
Climenko Fellow and Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School.

Thank you to William Baude, Omri Ben-Shahar, Joseph Blocher, Joshua Braver, Kiel Brennan-Marquez, Jacob Bronsther, Ryan Copus, Andrew Manuel Crespo, Gregory Elinson, Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Jacob E. Gersen, Daniel Hemel, Louis Kaplow, Guha Krishnamurthi, Jonathan S. Masur, Alexander Platt, Blaine G. Saito, Steven Shavell, Matthew C. Stephenson, Lior J. Strahilevitz, Susannah Barton Tobin, Laura Weinrib, Sarah Winsberg, Carleen Zubrzycki, and the participants in the Harvard Law and Economics Workshop for valuable comments and suggestions. Thanks also to Michael Hornzell for excellent research assistance. Finally, thanks to the editors of the University of Chicago Law Review for their hard work and insightful comments.

Gun deaths are on the rise in the United States, recently reaching levels not seen since the 1970s. Fake news is spreading like wildfire across social media, damaging reputations and confusing voters.

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Trademark Law Pluralism
Daniel J. Hemel
Professor of Law and Ronald H. Coase Research Scholar, The University of Chicago Law School.

For helpful comments on earlier drafts, we thank Barton Beebe, Robert Bone, Christopher Buccafusco, Jeanne Fromer, Mark Lemley, Jake Linford, Desiree Mitchell, Lisa Ramsey, Xiyin Tang, and Rebecca Tushnet.

Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Professor of Law and Justin M. Roach, Jr. Faculty Scholar, Stanford Law School.
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v88.4
Federal Rules of Platform Procedure
Rory Van Loo
Associate Professor of Law, Boston University; Affiliated Fellow, Yale Law School Information Society Project

For valuable input, I am grateful to Hannah Bloch-Wehba, Kiel Brennan-Marquez, Danielle Citron, Julie Cohen, Christina Koningisor, Megan Ericson, Nikolas Guggenberger, Thomas Kadri, Daphne Keller, Louis Kaplow, Mark Lemley, Ngozi Okidegbe, Przemysław Pałka, Mitchell Polinsky, Steven Shavell, David Walker, editors at The University of Chicago Law Review, and participants at Boston University School of Law faculty workshop, Brooklyn Law School faculty workshop, Harvard Law and Economics Seminar, Junior Tech Law Scholars workshop, and Stanford Law and Economics Seminar. Brianne Allan, Jacob Axelrod, Samuel Burgess, Leah Dowd, Derek Farquhar, Shecharya Flatte, Chris Hamilton, Jack Langa, Kathleen Pierre, Tyler Stites, and Gavin Tullis provided excellent research assistance.

In the fall of 2017, the world’s largest social network put hundreds of women in “Facebook jail,” indefinitely suspending their accounts for posting “men are scum.”