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Restructuring Clemency: The Cost of Ignoring Clemency and a Plan for Renewal
Rachel E. Barkow
Segal Family Professor of Regulatory Law and Policy and Faculty Director, Center on the Administration of Criminal Law, New York University School of Law.
Mark Osler
Professor of Law, University of St. Thomas School of Law.

Thanks to Aimee Carlisle, Kadeem Cooper, Heather Gregorio, Steve Marcus, Neal Perlman, and Sam Zeitlin for excellent research assistance. We acknowledge with gratitude the financial support of the Filomen D’Agostino and Max E. Greenberg Faculty Research Fund at NYU.

I.  The Costs of a Latent Pardon Power

A.    The Fading of the Principled Pardon Power

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Civil Rights in a Desegregating America
Nicholas O. Stephanopoulos
Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School.

I am grateful to Brian An, David Armor, David Card, Sheryll Cashin, Erwin Chemerinsky, Chris Elmendorf, Reynolds Farley, Lee Fennell, Jeremy Fiel, Jim Greiner, Matthew Hall, Rick Hasen, Aziz Huq, John Iceland, Ellen Katz, Douglas Massey, Martha Minow, Martha Nussbaum, Rick Pildes, Alex Polikoff, Eric Posner, Sean Reardon, Florence Roisman, Daria Roithmayr, James Ryan, Richard Sander, Robert Schwemm, Stacy Seicshnaydre, Michael Seidman, Genevieve Siegel-Hawley, Lior Strahilevitz, and David Strauss for their helpful comments. My thanks also to the workshop participants at the University of Chicago, where I presented an earlier version of the Article. I am pleased as well to acknowledge the support of the Robert Helman Law and Public Policy Fund.

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83.4
Working Themselves Impure: A Life Cycle Theory of Legal Theories
Jeremy K. Kessler
Associate Professor of Law, Columbia Law School.
David E. Pozen
Professor of Law, Columbia Law School.

. For valuable comments on an earlier draft, we thank Will Baude, Seyla Benhabib, Jessica Bulman-Pozen, Josh Chafetz, Robert Ferguson, Joey Fishkin, David Fontana, Willy Forbath, Barry Friedman, Jeff Gordon, Bernard Harcourt, Olati Johnson, Laura Kalman, Jody Kraus, Daryl Levinson, Anna Lvovsky, Gillian Metzger, Henry Monaghan, Sarah Rajec, Steve Sachs, Fred Schauer, Pierre Schlag, Ian Shapiro, Ganesh Sitaraman, Larry Solum, James Stern, Peter Strauss, Cass Sunstein, Katie Tabb, Eric Talley, Calvin TerBeek, and Mark Tushnet, as well as workshop participants at Columbia Law School and William & Mary Law School. For helpful research assistance, we thank Kendall Collins and Mickey DiBattista.

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83.4
The Paradox of Access Justice, and Its Application to Mandatory Arbitration
Omri Ben-Shahar
Leo and Eileen Herzel Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School.

I am grateful to Michael Abramowicz, Oren Bar-Gill, Ryan Bubb, William Hubbard, Adam Levitin, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Barak Richman, Raaj Sah, Sonja Starr, David Weisbach, Lauren Willis, Kathy Zeiler, and workshop participants at Boston University, The University of Chicago, the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin, Northwestern University, Sciences Po in Paris, and the University of Toronto for commenting on an earlier draft, and to Irit Brodsky and Holly Newell for research assistance.

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Racially Polarized Voting
Christopher S. Elmendorf
Professor of Law, University of California, Davis, School of Law.
Kevin M. Quinn
Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law.
Marisa A. Abrajano
Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California, San Diego.

For helpful feedback, we thank Jack Chin, Heather Gerken, Ellen Katz, Nathaniel Persily, Michael Pitts, Bertrall Ross, David Schleicher, Douglas Spencer, Nicholas Stephanopoulos, faculty workshop participants at UC Davis School of Law, and the Articles Editors of The University of Chicago Law Review. We also acknowledge UC Davis law students Chané Buck, Chelsea Daughters, Andrew Doan, Joel Guerra, James Knauer, Lars Reed, Diem Ly Vo, and Zachary Zaharoff for their work coding cases. A codebook defining the fields that were used is available at http://lawreview.uchicago.edu/page/elmendorf-quinn-abrajano.