International Law

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Article
85.3
Courts, Congress, and the Conduct of Foreign Relations
Kristen E. Eichensehr
Assistant Professor, UCLA School of Law

For their generous engagement with this project, I am grateful to Aslı Bâli, Will Baude, Curt Bradley, Sam Bray, Josh Chafetz, Zach Clopton, Stephen Gardbaum, Carole Goldberg, Robert Goldstein, Jon Michaels, Kal Raustiala, Richard Re, Ryan Scoville, Shirin Sinnar, Stephen Vladeck, the editors of The University of Chicago Law Review, and participants in the Junior Faculty Federal Courts Workshop, Southern California International Law Scholars Workshop, and UCLA School of Law Summer Works-in-Progress Workshop. Andrew Brown, Nicholas Garver, Danielle Hesse, and Joshua Ostrer provided excellent research assistance.

In the US constitutional system, the executive branch generally conducts foreign relations. But in recent years, the nonexecutive branches—the judiciary and Congress—have challenged the exclusivity of the president’s authority to conduct foreign relations by opening direct channels of communication with foreign governments’ executive branches.

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Essay
85.2
Against Constitutional Excess: Tocquevillian Reflections on International Investment Law
David Schneiderman
Faculty of Law and Department of Political Science (courtesy), University of Toronto

Political sociologist Claus Offe has diagnosed the participatory deficit in North Atlantic democracies as the product of an imbalance in state–market relations. When the market is supreme, public policy can do little to constrain the market’s ever-expanding realms.

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Essay
85.2
Is EU Supranational Governance a Challenge to Liberal Constitutionalism?
Gráinne de Búrca
Florence Ellinwood Allen Professor of Law, NYU Law Schoo

The European Union was founded in the 1950s as an experiment in postwar regional integration, in part to help rebuild national economies damaged by World War II through economic integration, and in part to ward off, by means of closer legal and political integration of states, the threat of totalitarianism and Soviet expansion.

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Article
78.2
The Alien Tort Statute and the Law of Nations
Anthony J. Bellia Jr
Professor of Law and Notre Dame Presidential Fellow, Notre Dame Law School
Bradford R. Clark
William Cranch Research Professor of Law, The George Washington University Law School

We thank Amy Barrett, Tricia Bellia, Curt Bradley, Paolo Carozza, Burlette Carter, Anthony Colangelo, Michael Collins, Anthony D’Amato, Bill Dodge, Rick Garnett, Philip Hamburger, John Harrison, Duncan Hollis, Bill Kelley, Tom Lee, John Manning, Maeva Marcus, Mark McKenna, Henry Monaghan, David Moore, Julian Mortenson, Sean Murphy, John Nagle, Ralph Steinhardt, Paul Stephan, Ed Swaine, Jay Tidmarsh, Roger Trangsrud, Amanda Tyler, Carlos Vázquez, Julian Velasco, and Ingrid Wuerth for helpful comments. In addition, we thank participants in the 2010 Potomac Foreign Relations Law Roundtable at The George Washington University Law School, the 2010 Workshop of the International Law in Domestic Courts Interest Group of the American Society of International Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, and faculty workshops at The George Washington University and Notre Dame Law Schools. We give special thanks to research librarian Patti Ogden for her exceptional, expert research assistance. We also thank Notre Dame law students and alumni Nick Curcio, Katie Hammond, John Lindermuth, and Carolyn Wendel and George Washington University law students and alumni Benjamin Kapnik, Heather Shaffer, and Owen Smith for excellent research assistance.

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Article
84.4
From Treaties to International Commitments: The Changing Landscape of Foreign Relations Law
Jean Galbraith
Assistant Professor of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School

For comments, I am grateful to Kristen Boon, Curt Bradley, Stephen Burbank, Cary Coglianese, Bill Ewald, Oona Hathaway, Sophia Lee, Zach Price, Beth Simmons, the editors of the University of Chicago Law Review, and participants at the 2016 Yale-Duke Foreign Relations Law Roundtable, the University of Pennsylvania Law School faculty retreat, and the Seton Hall University School of Law faculty workshop. For assistance with sources, I thank Gabriela Femenia of the Penn Law Library.

In his farewell address, George Washington urged that “[t]he great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is . . . to have with them as little political connection as possible.”

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84.3
Between Here and There: Buffer Zones in International Law
Eian Katz
BA 2013, Yale University; JD Candidate 2018, The University of Chicago Law School

On a December morning in 2015, H.A. left early from his home in central Gaza to tend to his fields of wheat, barley, peas, and fava beans a couple hundred meters from the Israeli border fence. He arrived to find a low-flying Israeli aircraft spewing a thick, white substance over his farmland as it traveled south along the Palestinian side of the divide.